多个命令可以用| 连起来
:execute '!ls' | echom "theend" 

在execute后面的字符串中可以使用\<esc>这样的方式来使用\e,看上去跟明显
\e	escape <Esc>
\f	formfeed <FF>
\n	newline <NL>
\r	return <CR>
\t	tab <Tab>

当文件名中有特殊字符的时候，要小心了。
:execute "e ".fnameescape(filename) " fnameescape()函数用在vim的命令中
:execute "!ls " . shellescape(filename, 1) " shellescape()函数用在shell命令中

当要执行多行的命令时，用|来 执行得了,|要放在引号之内
:execute 'while i < 5 | echo i | let i = i + 1 | endwhile'

注释,|"之后的是注释
execute "echo 'foo'" | " this is a comment

:normal ggdd  "删除第一行
:normal G "一般情况下，这个会把光标移到最后一行。
"但是如果用户设置映射呢?比如nnoremap G dd ,这个时候，就会变成删除了。。。。惊不惊喜？
:normal! G "这样就能确保光标移到最后，即便用户设置了G的映射，映射也不会生效。

所以，在写vim脚本的时候，应该总是用normal!,因为你不确定用户在他的.vimrc文件中做了哪些映射

:normal! /foo<cr> "这样不会起作用 ,这种情况，需要结合execute来进行

:execute "normal! /foo\<cr>" " 这样就可以起到查找foo的作用了

:execute "normal! mqA;\<esc>`q" "在行尾添加一个;然后光标回到原来的位置

"string"		string constant		*expr-quote*

Note that double quotes are used.

A string constant accepts these special characters:
\...	three-digit octal number (e.g., "\316")
\..	two-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
\.	one-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
\x..	byte specified with two hex numbers (e.g., "\x1f")
\x.	byte specified with one hex number (must be followed by non-hex char)
\X..	same as \x..
\X.	same as \x.
\u....	character specified with up to 4 hex numbers, stored according to the
	current value of 'encoding' (e.g., "\u02a4")
\U....	same as \u but allows up to 8 hex numbers.
\b	backspace <BS>
\e	escape <Esc>
\f	formfeed <FF>
\n	newline <NL>
\r	return <CR>
\t	tab <Tab>
\\	backslash
\"	double quote
\<xxx>	Special key named "xxx".  e.g. "\<C-W>" for CTRL-W.  This is for use
	in mappings, the 0x80 byte is escaped.
	To use the double quote character it must be escaped: "<M-\">".
	Don't use <Char-xxxx> to get a utf-8 character, use \uxxxx as
	mentioned above.

Note that "\xff" is stored as the byte 255, which may be invalid in some
encodings.  Use "\u00ff" to store character 255 according to the current value
of 'encoding'.

Note that "\000" and "\x00" force the end of the string.

help List		
列表是有序的，元素的集合, 每一个item可以是任何type	
echo ['foo',34,12.2]	
echo ['foo',[3,'bar']]

索引,从0开始
echo [1,23,[1,34]][0] " 1
echo [1,23,[1,34]][2][1] " 34
echo [1,23,[1,34]][-1] "[1,34]

切割,和python相似，但不同
echo [1,3,4,5][0:2] "[1,3,4]
echo [1,3,4,5][0:20000] "[1,3,4,5] 超过列表索引也是安全的。
echo [1,3,5,6][-2:-1] " [5,6]
echo [1,2,3,5][:1] "[1,2]
echo [1,2,3,5][2:] "[3,5]
字符串也可以切割

连接+
echo ['a','b'] + ['c']  " ['a','b','c']

函数列表
1.add
let foo = ['a']
call add(foo,'b') " 往foo后面加上'b'
echo foo " ['a','b']

2.len
echo len(foo) " 2

3.get,返回指定索引的值
echo get(foo,0,'default') " a
echo get(foo,10,'default') " default

4.index
echo index(foo,'b') "1
echo index(foo,'cet') " -1  不存在返回-1

5.join

6.reverse ,转置
echo reverse(['a','b']) "['b','a']

7.List unpack
let [var1, var2; rest] = mylist "等同于下面三个表达式
let var1 = mylist[0]
let var2 = mylist[1]
let rest = mylist[2:]

8.复制和深度复制
let aa = [1,2,4]
let bb = aa "aa 和bb 指向同一个列表，改变其中一个，也对相应改变另一个

let aa = [[1,'a'],3,4]
let bb = copy(aa) " 浅复制，改变已经有的元素(该元素也是一个列表），aa和bb都会变化，但是，往aa中追加元素，不会影响
let aa[0][1] = 'aaa' " 浅复制，所以 bb[0][1] == 'aaa'

如果要做到完全独立，就用deepcopy()
let cc = deepcopy(aa) " 这样，cc和aa就是完全独立的变量,不会相会影响了。

9.列表相等
echo [1,3] == [1,3] " 1 ,true 
echo [3,1] == [1,3] " 0 ,false
echo 2 == "2" " 1,true 
echo [2] == ["2"] " 0, false

let a = [1,3]
let b = [1,3]
echo a is b " 0

类似python中的dict，ruby中的hash, javascript中的object
字典用花括号创建,索引是字符串（即便定义的时候是数字，也会被转化为字符串)

:echo {'a':1,'100':'foo',} " 字典最后可以留下一个逗号,js的愚蠢之处，在这里被修复了

let dic = {'a':1,'100':'foo',}
echo dic['a'] " 1

当键是字母数字下划线组成时，字典也支持"点"查找
echo dic.a
echo dic.100

赋值和添加，移除项
let dic.a = 222
let dic.c = 'new val'

let a = remove(dic,'a') " 此方法移除a后，会返回a对应的值
unlet dic.a "直接移除a，不会返回

字典函数
echo get(dic,'a','default') " 1 和list一样
echo get(dic,'dd','not') " not

echo has_key(dic, "a") " 1

echo items(dic) " [['a',1],['100','foo']]
echo  keys(dic) "['a','100']
echo values(dic) "[1,'foo']

遍历Dictionary
for key in keys(dic)
	echo key.":'.dic[key]
endfor

for v in values(dic)
	echo "value:".v
endfor

for [k,v] in items(dic)
	echo k.':'.v
endfor

合并数组
call extend(adic, bdic) "把bdic的值，加到a中，如果有重复的key，a的会被b覆盖(默认)

过滤元素
call filter(dict, 'v:val =~ "x"') " 把value匹配"x"的元素都剔除掉。

v:false
v:true
v:none
v:null

job_start()

ch_open()

vim -u NONE -N    -N 就是和vi不兼容
-u <vimrc>		Use <vimrc> instead of any .vimrc
-N			Not fully Vi compatible: 'nocompatible' ### 注释 

"  这就是注释,双引号之后的就是注释内容
但是下面的注释会失效。。
:map <space> viw " 按下空格键高亮选中一个单词	

所以vim的注释，最好不要行末添加

:set number!   或:set nu!

:set fileencoding? 返回fileencoding=utf-8
:set number? 返回 number 或 nonumber

vim默认的leader是\

:let mapleader = "-"  把leader键设置为-
在配置文件的其他地方，就用<leader>,而不是"-"

local leader 这个leader只用于那些对某类文件(python,html)而设置的映射

:let maplocalleader = "\\"  把loacalleader设置为\,以为\\会转意为\
如果要设定一个只会用户特定缓冲区的映射，一般会使用 <localleader>,而不是<leader>
使用<leader>和<localleader>按键就像设置了一种命名空间,
用<localleader>来设置本地映射，会防止你的插件覆盖别人的全局映射

打开vimrc文件
nnoremap <leader>ev :vsplit $MYVIMRC<cr>
重新加载vimrc文件
nnoremap <leader>sv :source $MYVIMRC<cr>

:autocmd BufNewFile * :write  "该命令会在打开一个文件后，自动自动保存
         ^          ^ ^
         |          | |
         |          | 要执行的命令
         |          | 
         |          用于事件过滤的"模式pattern" 
         |           
         要监听的事件          

:autocmd BufNewFile *.php :write  只会保存php文件
:autocmd BufWritePre *.html :normal gg=G  在保存html文档之前，先格式化
多个事件用逗号分隔
:autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.html setlocal nowarp
vim脚本编程中，一般会同时使用BufRead和BufNewFile

:aug[roup] {name}  group name 大小写敏感
	...
:augroup end/END

:augroup testgroup
:autocmd BufWrite * : echom "foo"
:autocmd BufWrite * : echom "bar"
:augroup END

定义两个名称相同的命令组，一般情况下，后面定义的不会覆盖前面的,除非把autocmd!放在组里
:augroup testgroup
:autocmd!
:autocmd BufWrite * : echom "test"
:augroup END

更多详情： :help autocmd-groups

:help omap-info 	

Operator-pending mappings can be used to define a movement command that can be
used with any operator.  Simple example: ":omap { w" makes "y{" work like "yw"
and "d{" like "dw".

:onoremap { :<c-u>normal! 0f{vi{<cr>   "在包含{}的一行，执行d{、c{、y{  就可以删除/改变/复制{}之间的内容
:onoremap ( :<c-u>normal! 0f(vi(<cr>  "在包含()的一行，执行d(、c(、y(  就可以删除/改变/复制()之间的内容 

The CTRL-U (<C-U>) is used to remove the range that Vim may insert. 


:onoremap ih :<c-u>execute "normal! ?^==\\+$\r:nohlsearch\rkvg_"<cr>

normal! 可以执行一些命令，但是遇到特殊字符就不行了，比如<cr>
execute 把后面的字符串当作命令来执行。特殊字符需要转义,如\r代表回车 \\代表\

g_: 移动到当前行的最后一个非空字符。$会选中最后一个换行符

set statusline=buf%n\ %m
set statusline+=\ %l,%v/%L
set statusline+=\ %{&fileencoding?&fileencoding:&encoding} "文件编码
set statusline+=\ [%{&fileformat}] "文件类型
set statusline+=\ %{(exists(\"bomb\")\ &&\ &bomb)?\"Bom\":\"\"} "如果有bomb头，就会显示Bom
set statusline+=%{StatuslineGit()} "显示git分支名称,需要定义如下两个函数
set statusline+=\ %F

function! GitBranch()
  return system("git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null | tr -d '\n'")
endfunction

function! StatuslineGit()
  let l:branchname = GitBranch()
  return strlen(l:branchname) > 0?'  '.l:branchname.' ':''
endfunction


\<space> 是空格
最后的效果如下：
buf1  223,5/365 utf-8 [unix]   master  ~/Documents/github.io/_posts/2019-01-23-vimscript-note-1.md

Name			triggered by ~

	Reading
|BufNewFile|		starting to edit a file that doesn't exist
|BufReadPre|		starting to edit a new buffer, before reading the file
|BufRead|		starting to edit a new buffer, after reading the file
|BufReadPost|		starting to edit a new buffer, after reading the file
|BufReadCmd|		before starting to edit a new buffer |Cmd-event|

|FileReadPre|		before reading a file with a ":read" command
|FileReadPost|		after reading a file with a ":read" command
|FileReadCmd|		before reading a file with a ":read" command |Cmd-event|

|FilterReadPre|		before reading a file from a filter command
|FilterReadPost|	after reading a file from a filter command

|StdinReadPre|		before reading from stdin into the buffer
|StdinReadPost|		After reading from the stdin into the buffer

	Writing
|BufWrite|		starting to write the whole buffer to a file
|BufWritePre|		starting to write the whole buffer to a file
|BufWritePost|		after writing the whole buffer to a file
|BufWriteCmd|		before writing the whole buffer to a file |Cmd-event|

|FileWritePre|		starting to write part of a buffer to a file
|FileWritePost|		after writing part of a buffer to a file
|FileWriteCmd|		before writing part of a buffer to a file |Cmd-event|

|FileAppendPre|		starting to append to a file
|FileAppendPost|	after appending to a file
|FileAppendCmd|		before appending to a file |Cmd-event|

|FilterWritePre|	starting to write a file for a filter command or diff
|FilterWritePost|	after writing a file for a filter command or diff

	Buffers
|BufAdd|		just after adding a buffer to the buffer list
|BufCreate|		just after adding a buffer to the buffer list
|BufDelete|		before deleting a buffer from the buffer list
|BufWipeout|		before completely deleting a buffer

|BufFilePre|		before changing the name of the current buffer
|BufFilePost|		after changing the name of the current buffer

|BufEnter|		after entering a buffer
|BufLeave|		before leaving to another buffer
|BufWinEnter|		after a buffer is displayed in a window
|BufWinLeave|		before a buffer is removed from a window

|BufUnload|		before unloading a buffer
|BufHidden|		just after a buffer has become hidden
|BufNew|		just after creating a new buffer

|SwapExists|		detected an existing swap file

	Options
|FileType|		when the 'filetype' option has been set
|Syntax|		when the 'syntax' option has been set
|EncodingChanged|	after the 'encoding' option has been changed
|TermChanged|		after the value of 'term' has changed
|OptionSet|		after setting any option

	Startup and exit
|VimEnter|		after doing all the startup stuff
|GUIEnter|		after starting the GUI successfully
|GUIFailed|		after starting the GUI failed
|TermResponse|		after the terminal response to |t_RV| is received

|QuitPre|		when using `:quit`, before deciding whether to quit
|VimLeavePre|		before exiting Vim, before writing the viminfo file
|VimLeave|		before exiting Vim, after writing the viminfo file

	Various
|FileChangedShell|	Vim notices that a file changed since editing started
|FileChangedShellPost|	After handling a file changed since editing started
|FileChangedRO|		before making the first change to a read-only file

|ShellCmdPost|		after executing a shell command
|ShellFilterPost|	after filtering with a shell command

|CmdUndefined|		a user command is used but it isn't defined
|FuncUndefined|		a user function is used but it isn't defined
|SpellFileMissing|	a spell file is used but it can't be found
|SourcePre|		before sourcing a Vim script
|SourceCmd|		before sourcing a Vim script |Cmd-event|

|VimResized|		after the Vim window size changed
|FocusGained|		Vim got input focus
|FocusLost|		Vim lost input focus
|CursorHold|		the user doesn't press a key for a while
|CursorHoldI|		the user doesn't press a key for a while in Insert mode
|CursorMoved|		the cursor was moved in Normal mode
|CursorMovedI|		the cursor was moved in Insert mode

|WinNew|		after creating a new window
|TabNew|		after creating a new tab page
|TabClosed|		after closing a tab page
|WinEnter|		after entering another window
|WinLeave|		before leaving a window
|TabEnter|		after entering another tab page
|TabLeave|		before leaving a tab page
|CmdwinEnter|		after entering the command-line window
|CmdwinLeave|		before leaving the command-line window

|InsertEnter|		starting Insert mode
|InsertChange|		when typing <Insert> while in Insert or Replace mode
|InsertLeave|		when leaving Insert mode
|InsertCharPre|		when a character was typed in Insert mode, before
			inserting it

|TextChanged|		after a change was made to the text in Normal mode
|TextChangedI|		after a change was made to the text in Insert mode
|TextYankPost|		after text is yanked or deleted

|ColorScheme|		after loading a color scheme

|RemoteReply|		a reply from a server Vim was received

|QuickFixCmdPre|	before a quickfix command is run
|QuickFixCmdPost|	after a quickfix command is run

|SessionLoadPost|	after loading a session file

|MenuPopup|		just before showing the popup menu
|CompleteDone|		after Insert mode completion is done

|User|			to be used in combination with ":doautocmd"