Some note about vimrc

启动vim不加载.vimrc

vim -u NONE -N    -N 就是和vi不兼容
-u <vimrc>		Use <vimrc> instead of any .vimrc
-N			Not fully Vi compatible: 'nocompatible' ### 注释 

"  这就是注释,双引号之后的就是注释内容
但是下面的注释会失效。。
:map <space> viw " 按下空格键高亮选中一个单词	

所以vim的注释，最好不要行末添加

!切换布尔选项

:set number!   或:set nu!

?查看配置的值

:set fileencoding? 返回fileencoding=utf-8
:set number? 返回 number 或 nonumber

键盘映射

normal模式下的简单映射

  :map - dd   按下 - 就相当于dd，会删除一行
  也可以用<keyname>来告诉vim一个特殊的按键
  :map <space> viw  按下空格，vim将高亮选中一个单词
	
  :unmap - 取消-的映射
  :unmap <space>

nmap 在normal模式下的映射

  :nmap - ddp
  取消映射
  :nunmap -

vmap 在visual模式下的映射

  visual模式下，按下\,会把小写字母变大写
  :vmap \ U 
  取消映射
  :vunmap \

imap 在insert模式下的映射

  在insert模式下，ctrl+d 会删除一行
  :imap <c-d> <esc>ddi   
  取消映射
  :iunmap <c-d>

映射可能会出现递归调用

  :nmap - dd
  :namp \ -
  在normal模式下，按下\,vim会解释为-,而 -会继续被解析为 dd，最后就是删除了一行

非递归映射*noremap

  :nmap x dd
  :nnoremap \ x
  当按下\ 就是x，删除一个字符，vim不会把x再解析为dd

  ** 应该在所有的情况下使用 noremap **
  " insert mode下jj --> <esc>
  inoremap jj <esc>
  noremap/nnoremap , vnoremap, inoremap
  取消非递归映射(和取消递归映射的方法一样)
  :unnmap  \

  :map x <nop> 就会让按键x失效

  :nnoremap <buffer> Q x 只在当前缓冲区生效

Leaders(导航键?)

vim默认的leader是\

:let mapleader = "-"  把leader键设置为-
在配置文件的其他地方，就用<leader>,而不是"-"

local leader 这个leader只用于那些对某类文件(python,html)而设置的映射

:let maplocalleader = "\\"  把loacalleader设置为\,以为\\会转意为\
如果要设定一个只会用户特定缓冲区的映射，一般会使用 <localleader>,而不是<leader>
使用<leader>和<localleader>按键就像设置了一种命名空间,
用<localleader>来设置本地映射，会防止你的插件覆盖别人的全局映射

打开vimrc文件
nnoremap <leader>ev :vsplit $MYVIMRC<cr>
重新加载vimrc文件
nnoremap <leader>sv :source $MYVIMRC<cr>

Abbreviations

在一个abbrevivation后输入一个 non-keyword character后，vim会替换那个abbrevivation not-keyword character指的是那些不在iskeyword选项中的字符(iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255)

insert模式下的abbrevivations

  :iabbrev adn and
  :iabbrev ture true

replace模式下的abbrevivations
command模式下的abbrevivations

自动命令

:autocmd BufNewFile * :write  "该命令会在打开一个文件后，自动自动保存
         ^          ^ ^
         |          | |
         |          | 要执行的命令
         |          | 
         |          用于事件过滤的"模式pattern" 
         |           
         要监听的事件          

:autocmd BufNewFile *.php :write  只会保存php文件
:autocmd BufWritePre *.html :normal gg=G  在保存html文档之前，先格式化
多个事件用逗号分隔
:autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.html setlocal nowarp
vim脚本编程中，一般会同时使用BufRead和BufNewFile

FileType 事件

针对不同的文件，设置一些有用的映射,比如注释可以设置localleader为,, :let maplocalleader=”,,” :autocmd FileType erlang nnoremap c I%% 然后打开一个erlang文件，normal模式下，按下,,c 就可以注释一行
本地缓冲区缩写

:iabbrev --- test 对当前缓冲区生效，会覆盖如下的全局设置 :iabbrev --- tes2 会话的所有缓冲区都生效，但是优先级没有定义的缩写高

:autocmd FileType php :iabbrev iff if () {}kkA :sleep 10m 睡眠10ms

自动命令组Grouping Autocommands

:aug[roup] {name}  group name 大小写敏感
	...
:augroup end/END

:augroup testgroup
:autocmd BufWrite * : echom "foo"
:autocmd BufWrite * : echom "bar"
:augroup END

定义两个名称相同的命令组，一般情况下，后面定义的不会覆盖前面的,除非把autocmd!放在组里
:augroup testgroup
:autocmd!
:autocmd BufWrite * : echom "test"
:augroup END

更多详情： :help autocmd-groups

Operator-Pending映射

:help omap-info 	

Operator-pending mappings can be used to define a movement command that can be
used with any operator.  Simple example: ":omap { w" makes "y{" work like "yw"
and "d{" like "dw".

:onoremap { :<c-u>normal! 0f{vi{<cr>   "在包含{}的一行，执行d{、c{、y{  就可以删除/改变/复制{}之间的内容
:onoremap ( :<c-u>normal! 0f(vi(<cr>  "在包含()的一行，执行d(、c(、y(  就可以删除/改变/复制()之间的内容 

The CTRL-U (<C-U>) is used to remove the range that Vim may insert. 


:onoremap ih :<c-u>execute "normal! ?^==\\+$\r:nohlsearch\rkvg_"<cr>

normal! 可以执行一些命令，但是遇到特殊字符就不行了，比如<cr>
execute 把后面的字符串当作命令来执行。特殊字符需要转义,如\r代表回车 \\代表\

g_: 移动到当前行的最后一个非空字符。$会选中最后一个换行符

状态条statusline

statusline可以展示一些当前buffer内文件的信息，比如文件名称%f,完整路径%F, %m如果缓冲区内容修改表示为[+] 默认情况下，statusline是隐藏的。显示： :set laststatus=2,隐藏 :set laststatus=0

定制项目	参数意义
%f	文件名称
%F	文件完整路径,我觉得这个完整路径有助于回答,我在哪里?
%m	如果缓冲区内容发生改变表示为[+],有助于你提醒自己，你在做什么？
%n	缓冲区号,
%y	文件类型，不过我觉得如果输出了文件名，这个有点多余
%v	虚列号
%l	行号
%L	总行数
%=	之后的状态都是右对齐,在这个之前是左对齐
%{expr}	表达式的结果，可以用这个定制很多特性的状态

我的statusline设置

set statusline=buf%n\ %m
set statusline+=\ %l,%v/%L
set statusline+=\ %{&fileencoding?&fileencoding:&encoding} "文件编码
set statusline+=\ [%{&fileformat}] "文件类型
set statusline+=\ %{(exists(\"bomb\")\ &&\ &bomb)?\"Bom\":\"\"} "如果有bomb头，就会显示Bom
set statusline+=%{StatuslineGit()} "显示git分支名称,需要定义如下两个函数
set statusline+=\ %F

function! GitBranch()
  return system("git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null | tr -d '\n'")
endfunction

function! StatuslineGit()
  let l:branchname = GitBranch()
  return strlen(l:branchname) > 0?'  '.l:branchname.' ':''
endfunction


\<space> 是空格
最后的效果如下：
buf1  223,5/365 utf-8 [unix]   master  ~/Documents/github.io/_posts/2019-01-23-vimscript-note-1.md

autocmd 所有的事件

:help autocmd-events

Name			triggered by ~

	Reading
|BufNewFile|		starting to edit a file that doesn't exist
|BufReadPre|		starting to edit a new buffer, before reading the file
|BufRead|		starting to edit a new buffer, after reading the file
|BufReadPost|		starting to edit a new buffer, after reading the file
|BufReadCmd|		before starting to edit a new buffer |Cmd-event|

|FileReadPre|		before reading a file with a ":read" command
|FileReadPost|		after reading a file with a ":read" command
|FileReadCmd|		before reading a file with a ":read" command |Cmd-event|

|FilterReadPre|		before reading a file from a filter command
|FilterReadPost|	after reading a file from a filter command

|StdinReadPre|		before reading from stdin into the buffer
|StdinReadPost|		After reading from the stdin into the buffer

	Writing
|BufWrite|		starting to write the whole buffer to a file
|BufWritePre|		starting to write the whole buffer to a file
|BufWritePost|		after writing the whole buffer to a file
|BufWriteCmd|		before writing the whole buffer to a file |Cmd-event|

|FileWritePre|		starting to write part of a buffer to a file
|FileWritePost|		after writing part of a buffer to a file
|FileWriteCmd|		before writing part of a buffer to a file |Cmd-event|

|FileAppendPre|		starting to append to a file
|FileAppendPost|	after appending to a file
|FileAppendCmd|		before appending to a file |Cmd-event|

|FilterWritePre|	starting to write a file for a filter command or diff
|FilterWritePost|	after writing a file for a filter command or diff

	Buffers
|BufAdd|		just after adding a buffer to the buffer list
|BufCreate|		just after adding a buffer to the buffer list
|BufDelete|		before deleting a buffer from the buffer list
|BufWipeout|		before completely deleting a buffer

|BufFilePre|		before changing the name of the current buffer
|BufFilePost|		after changing the name of the current buffer

|BufEnter|		after entering a buffer
|BufLeave|		before leaving to another buffer
|BufWinEnter|		after a buffer is displayed in a window
|BufWinLeave|		before a buffer is removed from a window

|BufUnload|		before unloading a buffer
|BufHidden|		just after a buffer has become hidden
|BufNew|		just after creating a new buffer

|SwapExists|		detected an existing swap file

	Options
|FileType|		when the 'filetype' option has been set
|Syntax|		when the 'syntax' option has been set
|EncodingChanged|	after the 'encoding' option has been changed
|TermChanged|		after the value of 'term' has changed
|OptionSet|		after setting any option

	Startup and exit
|VimEnter|		after doing all the startup stuff
|GUIEnter|		after starting the GUI successfully
|GUIFailed|		after starting the GUI failed
|TermResponse|		after the terminal response to |t_RV| is received

|QuitPre|		when using `:quit`, before deciding whether to quit
|VimLeavePre|		before exiting Vim, before writing the viminfo file
|VimLeave|		before exiting Vim, after writing the viminfo file

	Various
|FileChangedShell|	Vim notices that a file changed since editing started
|FileChangedShellPost|	After handling a file changed since editing started
|FileChangedRO|		before making the first change to a read-only file

|ShellCmdPost|		after executing a shell command
|ShellFilterPost|	after filtering with a shell command

|CmdUndefined|		a user command is used but it isn't defined
|FuncUndefined|		a user function is used but it isn't defined
|SpellFileMissing|	a spell file is used but it can't be found
|SourcePre|		before sourcing a Vim script
|SourceCmd|		before sourcing a Vim script |Cmd-event|

|VimResized|		after the Vim window size changed
|FocusGained|		Vim got input focus
|FocusLost|		Vim lost input focus
|CursorHold|		the user doesn't press a key for a while
|CursorHoldI|		the user doesn't press a key for a while in Insert mode
|CursorMoved|		the cursor was moved in Normal mode
|CursorMovedI|		the cursor was moved in Insert mode

|WinNew|		after creating a new window
|TabNew|		after creating a new tab page
|TabClosed|		after closing a tab page
|WinEnter|		after entering another window
|WinLeave|		before leaving a window
|TabEnter|		after entering another tab page
|TabLeave|		before leaving a tab page
|CmdwinEnter|		after entering the command-line window
|CmdwinLeave|		before leaving the command-line window

|InsertEnter|		starting Insert mode
|InsertChange|		when typing <Insert> while in Insert or Replace mode
|InsertLeave|		when leaving Insert mode
|InsertCharPre|		when a character was typed in Insert mode, before
			inserting it

|TextChanged|		after a change was made to the text in Normal mode
|TextChangedI|		after a change was made to the text in Insert mode
|TextYankPost|		after text is yanked or deleted

|ColorScheme|		after loading a color scheme

|RemoteReply|		a reply from a server Vim was received

|QuickFixCmdPre|	before a quickfix command is run
|QuickFixCmdPost|	after a quickfix command is run

|SessionLoadPost|	after loading a session file

|MenuPopup|		just before showing the popup menu
|CompleteDone|		after Insert mode completion is done

|User|			to be used in combination with ":doautocmd"